---
title: When he got outside of the village and had gone some distance, he he… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: When he got outside of the village and had gone some distance, he heard behind him a loud rushing sound like a strong wind—the sound kept getting nearer and louder—and all at once it was above him, and then the sound stopped, and something spoke to him and said: “Well, I am here. Who acts: man, soun
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Corn, sentence 15

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When he got outside of the village and had gone some distance, he heard behind him a loud rushing sound like a strong wind—the sound kept getting nearer and louder—and all at once it was above him, and then the sound stopped, and something spoke to him and said: “Well, I am here.

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**Who acts:** man, sound, something · **What happens:** get, go, hear, rush, keep, be · **To what, where:** distance, loud rushing sound, man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, sound, something), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:8:15
# text = When he got outside of the village and had gone some distance, he heard behind him a loud rushing sound like a strong wind—the sound kept getting nearer and louder—and all at once it was above him, and then the sound stopped, and something spoke to him and said: “Well, I am here.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
4	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	amod	_	_
21	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
30	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	29	xcomp	_	_
31	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	30	xcomp	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
36	all	all	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
38	once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
39	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
40	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
41	above	above	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
45	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	48	advmod	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
48	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
51	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	52	nsubj	_	_
52	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	conj	_	_
53	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	obl	_	_
55	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
56	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	63	punct	_	_
58	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	63	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	63	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
61	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	63	nsubj	_	_
62	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	63	cop	_	_
63	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	56	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | man |  |  |  |  | of the village; outside *property* | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme of village=Destination |
| 2 | **go** | past · perfect | man *not said here* | some distance |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location distance=Theme |
| 3 | **hear** | past | man | a loud rushing sound |  |  |  | behind father; like a strong wind | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus |
| 4 | **rush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **keep** | past | the sound |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **get** | gerund | the sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **is** | past | sound |  |  |  |  | at father; all *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **stop** | past | the sound |  |  |  | then |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 9 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | something |  | man |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |
| 10 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the sound *= sound* |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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