---
title: They travelled many days, and passed over broad prairies and then ac… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: They travelled many days, and passed over broad prairies and then across high mountains and then over high, wide plains and over other mountains until they came to the end of the world, where the sky bends down and touches the ground. Who acts: shield, sky. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Sting
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Corn, sentence 20

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They travelled many days, and passed over broad prairies and then across high mountains and then over high, wide plains and over other mountains until they came to the end of the world, where the sky bends down and touches the ground.

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**Who acts:** shield, sky · **What happens:** travel, pass, come, bend down, touch · **To what, where:** broad prairies, end, ground

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shield, sky), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:8:20
# text = They travelled many days, and passed over broad prairies and then across high mountains and then over high, wide plains and over other mountains until they came to the end of the world, where the sky bends down and touches the ground.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	prairies	prairie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
13	across	across	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
17	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	_
18	over	over	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	over	over	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
27	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	40	advmod	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
40	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	parataxis	_	_
41	down	down	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	touches	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	conj	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past | shield |  |  |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **pass** | participle | shield *not said here* |  |  | broad prairies and high mountains and high wide plains and other mountains |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over prairie=Location |
| 3 | **come** | past | shield |  |  |  | to the end of the world |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **bend down** | present | the sky |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **touch** | present | the sky *not said here* | the ground |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ground=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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