---
title: After he had given them the meat he showed them the sacks of seed an… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: After he had given them the meat he showed them the sacks of seed and told them what they were for, and explained to them that they must not eat any the first year, but that they must always save some to plant, and the people listened. Who acts: man, sacks, people. A sentence of «The Punishment of t
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Corn, sentence 59

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After he had given them the meat he showed them the sacks of seed and told them what they were for, and explained to them that they must not eat any the first year, but that they must always save some to plant, and the people listened.

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**Who acts:** man, sacks, people · **What happens:** give, show, tell, explain, not eat, save · **To what, where:** man, quarters, sacks, some · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, sacks, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:8:59
# text = After he had given them the meat he showed them the sacks of seed and told them what they were for, and explained to them that they must not eat any the first year, but that they must always save some to plant, and the people listened.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sacks	sack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	ccomp	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	ccomp	_	_
32	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	35	det	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	35	amod	_	_
35	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
37	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
38	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
39	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
40	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
41	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	42	advmod	_	_
42	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
43	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	42	obj	_	_
44	to	to	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nsubj	_	_
50	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · perfect · passive |  | man |  |  |  | quarters *= quarter* *obj*; the meat *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | past | man | quarters *= quarter* |  |  |  | the sacks of seed *obj* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient sack=Topic |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | man *not said here* |  | sacks *= sack* |  |  | what *ccomp* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 4 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | sacks *= sack* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **eat** | must | sacks *= sack* |  |  |  | year |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **save** | must | sacks *= sack* | some |  |  |  | to plant; always *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme |
| 7 | **listen** | past | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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