---
title: He told them that always when they killed buffalo they must bring th… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He told them that always when they killed buffalo they must bring the fattest and offer them to the Father. Who acts: man, things. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Corn, sentence 74

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He told them that always when they killed buffalo they must bring the fattest and offer them to the Father.

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**Who acts:** man, things · **What happens:** tell, kill, bring, offer · **To what, where:** things, buffalo, fattest, Father · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:8:74
# text = He told them that always when they killed buffalo they must bring the fattest and offer them to the Father.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	ccomp	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fattest	fat	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | man |  | things *= thing* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 2 | **kill** | past | things *= thing* | buffalo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bring** | must | things *= thing* | the fattest |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent fat=Theme |
| 4 | **offer** | infinitive | things *= thing* *not said here* | things *= thing* | the Father |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent they=Theme to father=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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