---
title: They had left their people because they were poor and had no horses,… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: They had left their people because they were poor and had no horses, and the others in the camp did not take care of them. Who acts: people, others. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 107

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They had left their people because they were poor and had no horses, and the others in the camp did not take care of them.

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**Who acts:** people, others · **What happens:** leave, be, have, not take · **To what, where:** people, horses, care

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:9:107
# text = They had left their people because they were poor and had no horses, and the others in the camp did not take care of them.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
24	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · perfect | people | people's people |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | people |  |  |  |  | poor *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | people *not said here* | no horses |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **take** | past · do-support | the others in the camp | care |  |  |  | of people | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent care=Theme of they=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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