--- title: He told her that he did not know; that he had come from above, but h… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: He told her that he did not know; that he had come from above, but he remembered that his mother had told him that they did not belong up there, but down below, and that she had been taken up by a star. Who acts: boy, people, star. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Storie --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/110/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [The Star Boy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/) / 110 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 110 He told her that he did not know; that he had come from above, but he remembered that his mother had told him that they did not belong up there, but down below, and that she had been taken up by a star. **Who acts:** boy, people, star · **What happens:** tell, not know, come, remember, not belong up, take up · **To what, where:** grandmother, mother, boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, people, star), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:9:110 # text = He told her that he did not know; that he had come from above, but he remembered that his mother had told him that they did not belong up there, but down below, and that she had been taken up by a star. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 iobj _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 5 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 6 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 7 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 8 advmod _ _ 8 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 12 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 ccomp _ _ 14 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 above above ADV RB _ 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 but but CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 remembered remember VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 20 that that SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 21 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 told tell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 ccomp _ _ 25 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 iobj _ _ 26 that that SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 28 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 29 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 30 advmod _ _ 30 belong belong VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 xcomp _ _ 31 up up ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 32 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 30 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 but but CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 down down ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 below below ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 39 that that SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 40 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 41 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 43 aux:pass _ _ 43 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 conj _ _ 44 up up ADP RP _ 43 compound:prt _ _ 45 by by ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | boy | | grandmother | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | boy | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **come** | past · perfect | boy | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from above=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **remember** | past | boy | | | | | below *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · perfect · passive | | boy's mother | boy | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **not** **belong up** *not said to happen* | past · do-support | people | | | there | | | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **take up** | past · perfect · passive | a star | grandmother | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument subject=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 109](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/109/) - next →: [sentence 111](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/111/) - ↑ back to [The Star Boy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/)