---
title: He said that she had come down with him on her back, but had been ki… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He said that she had come down with him on her back, but had been killed by a stone dropped from above, which had hit her on the head but did not kill him. Who acts: boy, grandmother, stone. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy,
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 111

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He said that she had come down with him on her back, but had been killed by a stone dropped from above, which had hit her on the head but did not kill him.

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**Who acts:** boy, grandmother, stone · **What happens:** say, come down, kill, drop, hit, not kill · **To what, where:** back, stone, head, boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, grandmother, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:9:111
# text = He said that she had come down with him on her back, but had been killed by a stone dropped from above, which had hit her on the head but did not kill him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	dropped	drop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	above	above	ADV	RB	_	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	hit	hit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
28	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
35	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
36	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come down** | past | grandmother |  |  | grandmother's back |  | with boy; down *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Location |
| 3 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive | a stone |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **drop** | participle |  | a stone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from above=Trajectory |
| 5 | **hit** | past · perfect · passive |  | a stone |  | the head |  | grandmother *obj* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient she=Result |
| 6 | **not** **kill** | past · do-support | a stone *not said here* | boy |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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