---
title: There before her was a hole, through which she could look down and s… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: There before her was a hole, through which she could look down and see this world below her. Who acts: wife. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 15

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There before her was a hole, through which she could look down and see this world below her.

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**Who acts:** wife · **What happens:** be, look down, see · **To what, where:** world

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:9:15
# text = There before her was a hole, through which she could look down and see this world below her.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	down	down	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	below	below	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | wife |  |  |  | before a hole |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look down** | could | wife |  |  |  |  | which *obl* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through which=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive | wife *not said here* | this world |  |  |  | below wife | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer world=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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