---
title: The boys said to the old woman, “Grandmother, we have done this so t… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The boys said to the old woman, “Grandmother, we have done this so that we could put this skin outside the lodge to scare away other animals so that they will not come near us.” Who acts: boys, we, animals. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnel
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 89

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The boys said to the old woman, “Grandmother, we have done this so that we could put this skin outside the lodge to scare away other animals so that they will not come near us.”

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**Who acts:** boys, we, animals · **What happens:** say, do, put, scare away, not come · **To what, where:** old woman, this, skin, lodge, other animals, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys, we, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:9:89
# text = The boys said to the old woman, “Grandmother, we have done this so that we could put this skin outside the lodge to scare away other animals so that they will not come near us.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
15	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	obj	_	_
16	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	20	mark	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	scare	scare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
28	away	away	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
31	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	36	mark	_	_
32	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	fixed	_	_
33	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
34	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
36	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
37	near	near	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
38	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the boys |  | the old woman and Grandmother |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to woman=Recipient |
| 2 | **do** *in a quote* | present · perfect | we | this |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
| 3 | **put** *in a quote* | could | we | this skin |  | the lodge |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent skin=Theme outside lodge=Destination |
| 4 | **scare away** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | other animals |  |  |  | away *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer |
| 5 | **not** **come** *in a quote* | future | animals *= animal* | us |  |  |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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