---
title: This is a tale which the runolainen of the far North used to sing in… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: This is a tale which the runolainen of the far North used to sing in hovel and hall, and which the heroes of primeval times learned by heart and taught to their children. Who acts: This, runolainen, tale. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Opening, with its d
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/1/7/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old No…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/) / [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/1/) / 7

# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Opening, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is a tale which the runolainen of the far North used to sing in hovel and hall, and which the heroes of primeval times learned by heart and taught to their children.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** This, runolainen, tale · **What happens:** be, use, sing, hero, learn, teach · **To what, where:** tale, hovel, primeval times, children

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, runolainen, tale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:1:7
# text = This is a tale which the runolainen of the far North used to sing in hovel and hall, and which the heroes of primeval times learned by heart and taught to their children.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	runolainen	runolainen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	hovel	hovel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	primeval	primeval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | a tale and the heroes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | past | the runolainen of the far North | a tale and the heroes |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent which=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | the runolainen of the far North *not said here* |  |  | hovel and hall |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hovel=Location |
| 4 | **hero** |  | a tale and the heroes |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **learn** | participle |  | primeval times *not said here* |  |  |  | by heart | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **teach** *speech: other* | past |  |  | HEROES's children |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to child=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/1/6/)
- next →: [sentence 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/1/8/)
- ↑ back to [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/1/)