---
title: [A] It was made up of numerous stories, songs, folk-melodies, and in… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: [A] It was made up of numerous stories, songs, folk-melodies, and incantations, with which were interwoven many independent episodes that are neither interesting nor necessary to its completeness. Who acts: many independent episodes. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Opening, sentence 9

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\[A\] It was made up of numerous stories, songs, folk-melodies, and incantations, with which were interwoven many independent episodes that are neither interesting nor necessary to its completeness.

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**Who acts:** many independent episodes · **What happens:** make up, interweave, be · **To what, where:** TALE, many independent episodes

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many independent episodes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:1:9
# text = [A] It was made up of numerous stories, songs, folk-melodies, and incantations, with which were interwoven many independent episodes that are neither interesting nor necessary to its completeness.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
4	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	melodies	melody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	incantations	incantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	interwoven	interweave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
25	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	episodes	episode	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
29	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	31	cc:preconj	_	_
31	interesting	interesting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	acl:relcl	_	_
32	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	33	cc	_	_
33	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	conj	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	completeness	completeness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make up** | past · passive |  | TALE |  |  |  | of numerous stories and songs and folk melodies; incantations *obl* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot |
| 2 | **interweave** | past · passive |  | many independent episodes |  |  |  | which *obl* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: episode=Patient with which=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | many independent episodes |  |  |  |  | to TALE's completeness; interesting *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | many independent episodes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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