---
title: Their mouths were open and their eyes were staring at the rafters wh… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Their mouths were open and their eyes were staring at the rafters where hung long rows of smoked salmon, slabs of bacon, and dried herbs of magic power. Who acts: mouths, eyes. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Caldron, sentence 22

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Their mouths were open and their eyes were staring at the rafters where hung long rows of smoked salmon, slabs of bacon, and dried herbs of magic power.

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**Who acts:** mouths, eyes · **What happens:** be, stare, hang, smoke, dry · **To what, where:** long rows

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mouths, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:10:22
# text = Their mouths were open and their eyes were staring at the rafters where hung long rows of smoked salmon, slabs of bacon, and dried herbs of magic power.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mouths	mouth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rafters	rafter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
14	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
15	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	smoked	smoke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	salmon	salmon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	slabs	slab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	bacon	bacon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	amod	_	_
27	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | men's mouths |  |  |  |  | dried herbs of magic power *conj*; open *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stare** | past · progressive | men's eyes |  |  |  |  | at the rafters | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at rafter=Theme |
| 3 | **hang** | participle |  | long rows of smoked salmon and slabs of bacon |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent row=Patient |
| 4 | **smoke** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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