---
title: Herdsmen from the frozen meadows, savage fellows from the forest, fi… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Herdsmen from the frozen meadows, savage fellows from the forest, fishermen from the icy inlets—these also came to hear the words of the wizard Smith and be taught by him. Who acts: Herdsmen, Ilmarinen. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron, with its
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Caldron, sentence 5

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Herdsmen from the frozen meadows, savage fellows from the forest, fishermen from the icy inlets—these also came to hear the words of the wizard Smith and be taught by him.

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**Who acts:** Herdsmen, Ilmarinen · **What happens:** freeze, come, hear, teach, word · **To what, where:** these, words, wizard Smith

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Herdsmen, Ilmarinen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:10:5
# text = Herdsmen from the frozen meadows, savage fellows from the forest, fishermen from the icy inlets—these also came to hear the words of the wizard Smith and be taught by him.
1	Herdsmen	herdsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	meadows	meadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	savage	savage	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	fishermen	fisherman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	inlets	inlet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	21	obl	_	_
20	also	also	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	wizard	wizard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
33	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **come** | past | Herdsmen from the frozen meadows | these |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** | to-infinitive | Herdsmen from the frozen meadows *not said here* | the words of the wizard Smith |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 4 | **teach** *speech: other* | infinitive · passive | Ilmarinen |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **word** |  |  | the wizard Smith |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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