---
title: The pine trees shivered and moaned because of his chilly breath, and… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The pine trees shivered and moaned because of his chilly breath, and the brooks and waterfalls were frozen with fear. Who acts: pine trees. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 19

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The pine trees shivered and moaned because of his chilly breath, and the brooks and waterfalls were frozen with fear.

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**Who acts:** pine trees · **What happens:** shiver, moan, freeze · **To what, where:** brooks

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pine trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:11:19
# text = The pine trees shivered and moaned because of his chilly breath, and the brooks and waterfalls were frozen with fear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shivered	shiver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	moaned	moan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	chilly	chilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	brooks	brook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	waterfalls	waterfall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shiver** | past | the pine trees |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **moan** | past | the pine trees *not said here* |  |  |  |  | because Ilmarinen's chilly breath | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **freeze** | past · passive |  | the brooks and waterfalls |  |  |  | with fear | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with fear=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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