---
title: The smoke rose in clouds of ink-like blackness and floated in vast m… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The smoke rose in clouds of ink-like blackness and floated in vast masses over the mountains and the sea. Who acts: smoke. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 28

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The smoke rose in clouds of ink-like blackness and floated in vast masses over the mountains and the sea.

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**Who acts:** smoke · **What happens:** rise, float, cloud · **To what, where:** clouds, vast masses, like blackness

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:11:28
# text = The smoke rose in clouds of ink-like blackness and floated in vast masses over the mountains and the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	ink	ink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	floated	float	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	masses	mass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | the smoke |  |  | clouds of like blackness |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cloud=Location |
| 2 | **float** | participle | the smoke *not said here* |  |  | vast masses over the mountains and the sea |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mass=Trajectory |
| 3 | **cloud** |  |  | like blackness |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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