---
title: “Ah, but that was said to him and not to you,” said the Mistress, an… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “Ah, but that was said to him and not to you,” said the Mistress, and she laughed until her toothless mouth seemed to cover the whole of her misshapen face. Who acts: Mistress, hero, toothless mouth. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 98

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“Ah, but that was said to him and not to you,” said the Mistress, and she laughed until her toothless mouth seemed to cover the whole of her misshapen face.

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**Who acts:** Mistress, hero, toothless mouth · **What happens:** say, laugh, seem, cover · **To what, where:** that, Master, whole · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mistress, hero, toothless mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:11:98
# text = “Ah, but that was said to him and not to you,” said the Mistress, and she laughed until her toothless mouth seemed to cover the whole of her misshapen face.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Mistress	mistress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
23	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	toothless	toothless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
34	misshapen	misshapen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past · passive |  | that | Master |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to he=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Mistress |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **laugh** | past | hero |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **seem** | past | hero's toothless mouth |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **cover** | to-infinitive | hero's toothless mouth *not said here* | the whole of hero's misshapen face |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme whole=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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