---
title: Ilmarinen looked back; he saw all the folk of Pohyola standing along… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Ilmarinen looked back; he saw all the folk of Pohyola standing along the shore, and he heard them shouting their good-byes and bidding him god-speed. Who acts: Ilmarinen, folk, shores. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Homesick Hero, with its dependency 
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Homesick Hero, sentence 102

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Ilmarinen looked back; he saw all the folk of Pohyola standing along the shore, and he heard them shouting their good-byes and bidding him god-speed.

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**Who acts:** Ilmarinen, folk, shores · **What happens:** look back, see, stand, hear, shout, bid · **To what, where:** folk, shore, shores, good byes, Ilmarinen

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Homesick Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ilmarinen, folk, shores), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:12:102
# text = Ilmarinen looked back; he saw all the folk of Pohyola standing along the shore, and he heard them shouting their good-byes and bidding him god-speed.
1	Ilmarinen	Ilmarinen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Pohyola	Pohyola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
13	along	along	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	xcomp	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
23	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	byes	by	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	bidding	bid	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look back** | past | Ilmarinen |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** | past | Ilmarinen | all folk of Pohyola |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer folk=Stimulus |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | all folk of Pohyola *not said here* |  |  | the shore |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along shore=Location |
| 4 | **hear** | past | Ilmarinen | shores *= shore* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | shores *= shore* *not said here* | shores's good byes |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent by=Topic |
| 6 | **bid** | gerund | shores *= shore* *not said here* | Ilmarinen |  |  |  | god speed *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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