---
title: “At the break of day?” answered the Smith, his face brightening as h… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “At the break of day?” answered the Smith, his face brightening as his hopes were strengthened. Who acts: Smith, face, Pohyola. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Homesick Hero, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Homesick Hero, sentence 81

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“At the break of day?” answered the Smith, his face brightening as his hopes were strengthened.

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**Who acts:** Smith, face, Pohyola · **What happens:** answer, brighten, strengthen, break, hope · **To what, where:** break, hopes, day

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Homesick Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smith, face, Pohyola), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:12:81
# text = “At the break of day?” answered the Smith, his face brightening as his hopes were strengthened.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
15	brightening	brighten	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	hopes	hope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	strengthened	strengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the Smith |  |  | the break of day |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **brighten** | gerund | Pohyola's face *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **strengthen** | past · passive |  | Pohyola's hopes |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **break** *in a quote* |  |  | day |  |  |  |  | nom break «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **hope** |  | Pohyola |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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