---
title: The Minstrel thanked him and then began to chant the magic spells by… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The Minstrel thanked him and then began to chant the magic spells by which to put the beams and boards in their places. Who acts: Minstrel, magic. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 113

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Minstrel thanked him and then began to chant the magic spells by which to put the beams and boards in their places.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel, magic · **What happens:** thank, begin, chant, spell, put · **To what, where:** dwarf, beams, places

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel, magic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:13:113
# text = The Minstrel thanked him and then began to chant the magic spells by which to put the beams and boards in their places.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thanked	thank	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	chant	chant	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	spells	spell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	boards	board	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | past | the Minstrel |  | dwarf |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **chant** | to-infinitive | the Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **spell** | present | the magic |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **put** | to-infinitive | the magic *not said here* | the beams and boards |  | Minstrel's places |  | which *obl* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beam=Theme by which=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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