---
title: These, one after the other he sang, and he recited the runes whereby… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: These, one after the other he sang, and he recited the runes whereby to shape the whole into a stanch and swift-sailing vessel. Who acts: magic. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 114

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These, one after the other he sang, and he recited the runes whereby to shape the whole into a stanch and swift-sailing vessel.

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**Who acts:** magic · **What happens:** sing, recite, shape, sail · **To what, where:** one, runes, whole, stanch

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (magic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:13:114
# text = These, one after the other he sang, and he recited the runes whereby to shape the whole into a stanch and swift-sailing vessel.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	recited	recite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	runes	rune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	shape	shape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	obj	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	stanch	stanch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	swift	swift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	sailing	sail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	amod	_	_
27	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | magic | this one after the other |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **recite** | past | magic | the runes |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rune=Theme |
| 3 | **shape** | to-infinitive | magic *not said here* | the whole |  | a stanch and swift sailing vessel |  | whereby *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent whole=Material into stanch=Product |
| 4 | **sail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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