---
title: No hammer was used, no axe nor mallet; but every nail and spoke and… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: No hammer was used, no axe nor mallet; but every nail and spoke and bolt was driven by a word of magic from the lips of the prince of minstrels. Who acts: word. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 116

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No hammer was used, no axe nor mallet; but every nail and spoke and bolt was driven by a word of magic from the lips of the prince of minstrels.

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**Who acts:** word · **What happens:** use, speak, drive, word · **To what, where:** hammer, bolt, lips, magic · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:13:116
# text = No hammer was used, no axe nor mallet; but every nail and spoke and bolt was driven by a word of magic from the lips of the prince of minstrels.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	9	cc	_	_
9	mallet	mallet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	bolt	bolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	ccomp	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	minstrels	minstrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | no hammer |  |  |  | no axe nor mallet *obl*; every nail *parataxis* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drive** | past · passive | a word of magic | bolt |  | the lips of the prince of minstrels |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from lip=Trajectory |
| 4 | **word** |  |  | magic |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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