--- title: He leaped to his feet, he clapped his hands, he shouted his oft-repe… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics description: He leaped to his feet, he clapped his hands, he shouted his oft-repeated maxim: “None but cowards say, ‘I dare not!’” Who acts: Tuoni, None. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/156/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old No…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/) / [The Unfinished Boat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/) / 156 # The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 156 He leaped to his feet, he clapped his hands, he shouted his oft-repeated maxim: “None but cowards say, ‘I dare not!’” **Who acts:** Tuoni, None · **What happens:** leap, clap, shout, repeat, say, not dare · **To what, where:** feet, hands, repeated maxim · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tuoni, None), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66819:13:156 # text = He leaped to his feet, he clapped his hands, he shouted his oft-repeated maxim: “None but cowards say, ‘I dare not!’” 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 leaped leap VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 clapped clap VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 9 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 shouted shout VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 15 oft oft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 repeated repeat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 amod _ _ 18 maxim maxim NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 20 “ " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 21 None none PRON NN PronType=Neg 24 nsubj _ _ 22 but but CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 cowards coward NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 24 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 27 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 dare dare VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 ccomp _ _ 29 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 28 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 30 ! ! PUNCT . _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 32 ” " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **leap** | past | Tuoni | | | Tuoni's feet | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to foot=Destination | | 2 | **clap** | past | Tuoni | Tuoni's hands | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hand=Theme | | 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Tuoni | Tuoni's repeated maxim | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maxim=Topic | | 4 | **repeat** | participle | | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | None cowards | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **not** **dare** *in a quote* | present | Tuoni | | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 155](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/155/) - next →: [sentence 157](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/157/) - ↑ back to [The Unfinished Boat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/)