--- title: “You speak truly,” said a voice beside him—it was the voice of Samps… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics description: “You speak truly,” said a voice beside him—it was the voice of Sampsa, the little man of the woods: “You speak truly; and since you are not a coward, what will you next dare to do?” Who acts: You, voice, maxim, coward. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The U --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/157/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old No…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/) / [The Unfinished Boat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/) / 157 # The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 157 “You speak truly,” said a voice beside him—it was the voice of Sampsa, the little man of the woods: “You speak truly; and since you are not a coward, what will you next dare to do?” **Who acts:** You, voice, maxim, coward · **What happens:** speak, say, be, not be, dare, do · **To what, where:** voice, coward · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, voice, maxim, coward), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66819:13:157 # text = “You speak truly,” said a voice beside him—it was the voice of Sampsa, the little man of the woods: “You speak truly; and since you are not a coward, what will you next dare to do?” 1 “ " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 speak speak VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 4 truly truly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ” " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 beside beside ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 — - PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 14 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Sampsa Sampsa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 woods wood NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 26 : : PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 27 “ " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 speak speak VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 parataxis _ _ 30 truly truly ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 31 ; ; PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 33 since since SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 34 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 35 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 coward coward NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 44 nsubj _ _ 41 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 42 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 43 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 dare dare NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 parataxis _ _ 45 to to PART TO _ 46 mark _ _ 46 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 44 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 47 ? ? PUNCT . _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 48 ” " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | You | | | | | truly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | a voice | | | | | beside Tuoni | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **be** *speech: other* | past | maxim | the voice and the little man of the woods | | | | of Sampsa; the little man of the woods *conj* | tree rules | | 4 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | You | | | | | truly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **not** **is a** *in a quote* | present | you | a coward | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **dare** *in a quote* | future | a coward | | | | | you *nsubj* | tree rules | | 7 | **do** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 156](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/156/) - next →: [sentence 158](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/158/) - ↑ back to [The Unfinished Boat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/)