---
title: And the Minstrel also toiled, composing new songs of love and confli… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Minstrel also toiled, composing new songs of love and conflict, retelling old tales of mystery and magic, and studying to discover the secrets of nature and of life. Who acts: Minstrel, love, mystery. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished 
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 4

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And the Minstrel also toiled, composing new songs of love and conflict, retelling old tales of mystery and magic, and studying to discover the secrets of nature and of life.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel, love, mystery · **What happens:** toil, compose, retell, study, discover, sing · **To what, where:** new songs, old tales, secrets · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel, love, mystery), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:13:4
# text = And the Minstrel also toiled, composing new songs of love and conflict, retelling old tales of mystery and magic, and studying to discover the secrets of nature and of life.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	toiled	toil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	composing	compose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	conflict	conflict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	retelling	retell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	mystery	mystery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	discover	discover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	secrets	secret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toil** | past | the Minstrel |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **compose** | gerund | the Minstrel *not said here* | new songs of love and conflict |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Result |
| 3 | **retell** | gerund | the Minstrel *not said here* | old tales of mystery and magic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **study** | gerund | the Minstrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **discover** | to-infinitive | the Minstrel *not said here* | the secrets of nature and life |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Topic |
| 6 | **sing** |  | love and conflict |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 7 | **tell** |  | mystery and magic |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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