---
title: By magic spells the beams were to be hewn and properly placed, the k… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: By magic spells the beams were to be hewn and properly placed, the keel was to be laid, the hull was to be made stanch and shapely. Who acts: beams. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 40

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By magic spells the beams were to be hewn and properly placed, the keel was to be laid, the hull was to be made stanch and shapely.

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**Who acts:** beams · **What happens:** spell, be, place, lay, make · **To what, where:** keel, hull

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:13:40
# text = By magic spells the beams were to be hewn and properly placed, the keel was to be laid, the hull was to be made stanch and shapely.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
3	spells	spell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	hewn	hewn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	keel	keel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	hull	hull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
27	stanch	stanch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	xcomp	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	shapely	shapely	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | present |  |  |  |  |  | by magic | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the beams |  |  |  |  | hewn *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **place** | participle | the beams *not said here* |  |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **lay** | past · passive |  | the keel |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 5 | **make** | past · passive |  | the hull |  |  |  | stanch *xcomp*; shapely *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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