---
title: He knew by name every tree and shrub that grew in the Land of Heroes… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He knew by name every tree and shrub that grew in the Land of Heroes, and he understood the language of birds and of beasts and of every living thing. Who acts: dwarf, tree. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 53

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He knew by name every tree and shrub that grew in the Land of Heroes, and he understood the language of birds and of beasts and of every living thing.

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**Who acts:** dwarf, tree · **What happens:** know, grow, understand · **To what, where:** tree, Land, language

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dwarf, tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:13:53
# text = He knew by name every tree and shrub that grew in the Land of Heroes, and he understood the language of birds and of beasts and of every living thing.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	shrub	shrub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
30	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | dwarf | every tree and shrub |  |  |  | by name | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer tree=Stimulus |
| 2 | **grow** | past | every tree and shrub |  |  | the Land of Heroes |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location |
| 3 | **understand** | past | dwarf | the language of birds and beasts and every living thing |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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