---
title: “Three times this summer a cuckoo has rested on my topmost bough. — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: “Three times this summer a cuckoo has rested on my topmost bough. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 99

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“Three times this summer a cuckoo has rested on my topmost bough.

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**What happens:** rest · **To what, where:** Three times, topmost bough

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:13:99
# text = “Three times this summer a cuckoo has rested on my topmost bough.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	rested	rest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	topmost	topmost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bough	bough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | Three times  this summer |  | my topmost bough |  | a cuckoo *nsubj:pass* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: subject=Theme on bough=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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