---
title: This river being once crossed by you, you can never cross again. — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: This river being once crossed by you, you can never cross again. Who acts: you, river. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 107

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This river being once crossed by you, you can never cross again.

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**Who acts:** you, river · **What happens:** cross, not cross · **To what, where:** river

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:14:107
# text = This river being once crossed by you, you can never cross again.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
5	crossed	cross	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | gerund · passive | you | this river *not said here* |  |  |  | once *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **cross** | can | this river |  |  |  | again | you *nsubj* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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