---
title: He walked up and down the river bank, hoping to find some way to cro… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He walked up and down the river bank, hoping to find some way to cross, but the water was everywhere deep, and the current, although sluggish, was everywhere strong. Who acts: E, water. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela, with its dependen
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 20

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He walked up and down the river bank, hoping to find some way to cross, but the water was everywhere deep, and the current, although sluggish, was everywhere strong.

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**Who acts:** E, water · **What happens:** walk up, hope, find, cross, be · **To what, where:** way

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (E, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:14:20
# text = He walked up and down the river bank, hoping to find some way to cross, but the water was everywhere deep, and the current, although sluggish, was everywhere strong.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	hoping	hope	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	23	advmod	_	_
23	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
30	sluggish	sluggish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	34	advmod	_	_
34	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk up** | past | E |  |  |  |  | the river bank *conj* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hope** | gerund | E *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **find** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | E *not said here* | some way |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 4 | **cross** | to-infinitive | E *not said here* | some way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | the water |  |  |  |  | the current *conj*; deep, everywhere *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | past | the water *not said here* |  |  |  |  | everywhere, strong *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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