---
title: She was the daughter of Tuoni, and to her belonged the duty of keepi… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: She was the daughter of Tuoni, and to her belonged the duty of keeping the ferry whereby the shades of mortals were carried to her father’s kingdom. Who acts: eye, duty. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 34

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She was the daughter of Tuoni, and to her belonged the duty of keeping the ferry whereby the shades of mortals were carried to her father’s kingdom.

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**Who acts:** eye, duty · **What happens:** be, belong, keep, carry, shade · **To what, where:** daughter, duty, eye, ferry, shades, kingdom

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eye, duty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:14:34
# text = She was the daughter of Tuoni, and to her belonged the duty of keeping the ferry whereby the shades of mortals were carried to her father’s kingdom.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tuoni	Tuoni	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
11	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ferry	ferry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	shades	shade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	mortals	mortal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | eye | the daughter |  |  |  | of Tuoni | tree rules |
| 2 | **belong** | past | eye *not said here* | the duty | eye |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | the duty *not said here* | the ferry |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ferry=Theme |
| 4 | **carry** | past · passive |  | the shades of mortals |  | eye's father's kingdom |  | whereby *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to kingdom=Destination |
| 5 | **shade** |  |  | mortals |  |  |  |  | nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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