---
title: Three falsehoods you have told me—yes, four barefaced lies you have… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Three falsehoods you have told me—yes, four barefaced lies you have shouted across the water. Who acts: four, you. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 85

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Three falsehoods you have told me—yes, four barefaced lies you have shouted across the water.

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**Who acts:** four, you · **What happens:** tell, barefac, shout · **To what, where:** Three falsehoods, me, lies, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (four, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:14:85
# text = Three falsehoods you have told me—yes, four barefaced lies you have shouted across the water.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	falsehoods	falsehood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nsubj	_	_
11	barefaced	barefac	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
12	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	shouted	shout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	across	across	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  | Three falsehoods | me |  |  | you *nsubj:pass* | tree rules |
| 2 | **barefac** | past | four | lies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | present · perfect | you | lies *not said here* |  | the water |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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