---
title: Have you lived to be an old, old man and yet never learned that the… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Have you lived to be an old, old man and yet never learned that the liar is sure to be discovered? Who acts: you, liar. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Land of Tuonela, sentence 99

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Have you lived to be an old, old man and yet never learned that the liar is sure to be discovered?

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**Who acts:** you, liar · **What happens:** live, be, not learn, discover · **To what, where:** old old man

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Land of Tuonela. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, liar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:14:99
# text = Have you lived to be an old, old man and yet never learned that the liar is sure to be discovered?
1	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a old old man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **learn** | past | you *not said here* |  |  |  | yet |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | the liar |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **discover** | to-infinitive · passive | the liar *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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