---
title: Higher up, on the same ledge of rocks, an old wizard was sitting—a g… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Higher up, on the same ledge of rocks, an old wizard was sitting—a grisly, misshapen creature who, in times long past, had been a counsellor of kings. Who acts: old wizard, grisly misshapen creature. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hag of the Rock, wit
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Hag of the Rock, sentence 27

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Higher up, on the same ledge of rocks, an old wizard was sitting—a grisly, misshapen creature who, in times long past, had been a counsellor of kings.

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**Who acts:** old wizard, grisly misshapen creature · **What happens:** sit, past, be · **To what, where:** grisly misshapen creature, counsellor

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hag of the Rock. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old wizard, grisly misshapen creature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:15:27
# text = Higher up, on the same ledge of rocks, an old wizard was sitting—a grisly, misshapen creature who, in times long past, had been a counsellor of kings.
1	Higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ledge	ledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	wizard	wizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	grisly	grisly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	misshapen	misshapen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl:unmarked	_	_
26	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
30	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	cop	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	counsellor	counsellor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past · progressive | a old wizard | a grisly misshapen creature and a counsellor |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rock=Theme |
| 2 | **past** |  | a grisly misshapen creature and a counsellor |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past · perfect | a old wizard *not said here* | a counsellor |  |  |  | of kings | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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