---
title: On each side of the way he beheld yawning chasms filled with yellow… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: On each side of the way he beheld yawning chasms filled with yellow flames. Who acts: heart. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hag of the Rock, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Hag of the Rock, sentence 46

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On each side of the way he beheld yawning chasms filled with yellow flames.

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**Who acts:** heart · **What happens:** behold, yawn, fill · **To what, where:** side, chasms

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hag of the Rock. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:15:46
# text = On each side of the way he beheld yawning chasms filled with yellow flames.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	yawning	yawn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	chasms	chasm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | heart |  |  | each side of the way |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **yawn** | gerund | heart *not said here* | chasms |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chasm=Theme |
| 3 | **fill** | participle |  | chasms *not said here* |  |  |  | with yellow flames | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with flame=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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