---
title: To sleep, to eat, to rejoice together in the hour that was their own… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: To sleep, to eat, to rejoice together in the hour that was their own—this, to them, was the sum of all happiness—and this, too, is wisdom. Who acts: hour. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hero’s Return, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Hero’s Return, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sleep, to eat, to rejoice together in the hour that was their own—this, to them, was the sum of all happiness—and this, too, is wisdom.

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**Who acts:** hour · **What happens:** sleep, eat, rejoice, be · **To what, where:** this, villagers, sum, wisdom

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hero’s Return. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:16:8
# text = To sleep, to eat, to rejoice together in the hour that was their own—this, to them, was the sum of all happiness—and this, too, is wisdom.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	rejoice	rejoice	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
28	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
33	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
36	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | to-infinitive |  | this | villagers *= villager* |  |  | this *obl* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rejoice** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | hour | together *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | past | the hour |  |  |  |  | villagers *= villager* *nmod:poss*; own *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | past |  | the sum |  |  |  | of all happiness | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** | present |  | wisdom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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