---
title: Suddenly, far down the snow-drifted road, a sound was heard which wa… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Suddenly, far down the snow-drifted road, a sound was heard which was not the noise of the wind, a cry was heard which was not the voice of the storm spirit. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hero’s Return, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Hero’s Return, sentence 9

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Suddenly, far down the snow-drifted road, a sound was heard which was not the noise of the wind, a cry was heard which was not the voice of the storm spirit.

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**What happens:** drift, hear, not be · **To what, where:** sound, noise, cry, voice

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Hero’s Return. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:16:9
# text = Suddenly, far down the snow-drifted road, a sound was heard which was not the noise of the wind, a cry was heard which was not the voice of the storm spirit.
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	drifted	drift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	parataxis	_	_
28	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	parataxis	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drift** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | snow *compound* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | past · passive |  | a sound |  |  |  | far *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | past |  | the noise |  |  |  | of the wind; which *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **hear** | past · passive |  | a cry |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 5 | **not** **is a** | past |  | the voice |  |  |  | of the storm spirit; which *nsubj* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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