---
title: The Minstrel looked at the fair boat steadfastly; he viewed it from… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The Minstrel looked at the fair boat steadfastly; he viewed it from this side and from that, and then hot tears came into his eyes and trickled down upon his beard. Who acts: Minstrel, hot tears. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wisdom Keeper, with its 
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wisdom Keeper, sentence 7

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The Minstrel looked at the fair boat steadfastly; he viewed it from this side and from that, and then hot tears came into his eyes and trickled down upon his beard.

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**Who acts:** Minstrel, hot tears · **What happens:** look, view, come, trickle down · **To what, where:** boat, side, eyes

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wisdom Keeper. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel, hot tears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:17:7
# text = The Minstrel looked at the fair boat steadfastly; he viewed it from this side and from that, and then hot tears came into his eyes and trickled down upon his beard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	steadfastly	steadfastly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	viewed	view	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
22	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
25	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	trickled	trickle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
30	down	down	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the Minstrel |  |  |  |  | at the fair boat; steadfastly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at boat=Theme |
| 2 | **view** | past | Minstrel | boat |  | this side |  | that *conj* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 3 | **come** | past | hot tears |  |  | Minstrel's eyes | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into eye=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **trickle down** | past | hot tears *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon Minstrel's beard; down *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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