---
title: He sang of the heroes and the wise men of ancient days; he sang of y… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He sang of the heroes and the wise men of ancient days; he sang of youth and age, of good and evil, of life and death. Who acts: Keeper. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wisdom Keeper, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wisdom Keeper, sentence 91

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He sang of the heroes and the wise men of ancient days; he sang of youth and age, of good and evil, of life and death.

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**Who acts:** Keeper · **What happens:** sing

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wisdom Keeper. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keeper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:17:91
# text = He sang of the heroes and the wise men of ancient days; he sang of youth and age, of good and evil, of life and death.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
22	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Keeper |  |  |  |  | of the heroes and the wise men of ancient days | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Keeper |  |  |  |  | of youth and age; of good life and death | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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