---
title: He lifted up his voice and sang a prayerful song to the mighty power… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He lifted up his voice and sang a prayerful song to the mighty powers into whose keeping he had ventured to intrust himself. Who acts: heart. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Launching, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Launching, sentence 45

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He lifted up his voice and sang a prayerful song to the mighty powers into whose keeping he had ventured to intrust himself.

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**Who acts:** heart · **What happens:** lift up, sing, keep, venture, intrust · **To what, where:** voice, prayerful song, mighty powers, heart

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Launching. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:18:45
# text = He lifted up his voice and sang a prayerful song to the mighty powers into whose keeping he had ventured to intrust himself.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	prayerful	prayerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
15	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	ventured	venture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	xcomp	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	intrust	intrust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | heart | heart's voice |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | heart *not said here* | a prayerful song | the mighty powers |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent song=Topic to power=Recipient |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  | whose *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 4 | **venture** | past · perfect | heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **intrust** | to-infinitive | heart *not said here* | heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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