---
title: Thus did the Minstrel sing as he sat at the boat’s stern and guided… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus did the Minstrel sing as he sat at the boat’s stern and guided it along its watery path. Who acts: Wind. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Launching, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Launching, sentence 49

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Thus did the Minstrel sing as he sat at the boat’s stern and guided it along its watery path.

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**Who acts:** Wind · **What happens:** do, sit, guide · **To what, where:** Minstrel sing, stern, sing, watery path

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Launching. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:18:49
# text = Thus did the Minstrel sing as he sat at the boat’s stern and guided it along its watery path.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Minstrel	Minstrel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’s	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	stern	stern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	guided	guide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	along	along	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	watery	watery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | the Minstrel sing |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sit** | past | Wind |  |  | the boat's stern |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at stern=Location |
| 3 | **guide** | past | Wind *not said here* | sing |  | sing's watery path |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme along path=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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