---
title: He was preparing to row the boat around the bar, when suddenly he wa… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He was preparing to row the boat around the bar, when suddenly he was startled by hearing his name called, not harshly, but in tones of friendship and inquiry. Who acts: Wainamoinen. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of the Morning, with its depende
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Maid of the Morning, sentence 13

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He was preparing to row the boat around the bar, when suddenly he was startled by hearing his name called, not harshly, but in tones of friendship and inquiry.

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**Who acts:** Wainamoinen · **What happens:** prepare, row, startle, hear, call, name · **To what, where:** boat, bar, Wainamoinen, tones, name, friendship · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of the Morning. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wainamoinen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:19:13
# text = He was preparing to row the boat around the bar, when suddenly he was startled by hearing his name called, not harshly, but in tones of friendship and inquiry.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	preparing	prepare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	row	row	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
13	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	startled	startle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	tones	tone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prepare** | past · progressive | Wainamoinen |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **row** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Wainamoinen *not said here* | the boat |  | the bar |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent boat=Theme around bar=Trajectory |
| 3 | **startle** | past · passive |  | Wainamoinen |  | tones of friendship and inquiry |  | suddenly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 4 | **hear** | gerund |  | Wainamoinen's name |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer name=Stimulus |
| 5 | **call** | participle |  | Wainamoinen's name *not said here* |  |  |  | harshly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **name** |  | Wainamoinen |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 7 | **intonate** |  |  | friendship and inquiry |  |  |  |  | nom tone «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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