---
title: It was he who shaped the sky that bends above our country; and, sure… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: It was he who shaped the sky that bends above our country; and, surely, to forge the Sampo is no more difficult than that.” Who acts: thing, sky, Sampo. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Mistress and Minstrel, sentence 141

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It was he who shaped the sky that bends above our country; and, surely, to forge the Sampo is no more difficult than that.”

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**Who acts:** thing, sky, Sampo · **What happens:** be, bend, forge · **To what, where:** country

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, sky, Sampo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:2:141
# text = It was he who shaped the sky that bends above our country; and, surely, to forge the Sampo is no more difficult than that.”
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:outer	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shaped	shape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	forge	forge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Sampo	Sampo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	no	no	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	parataxis	_	_
26	than	than	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | thing |  |  |  |  | mill *nsubj*; who *nsubj*; the sky *obj*; shape *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bend** | present | the sky |  |  | our country |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above country=Location |
| 3 | **forge** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | surely *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | the Sampo |  |  |  |  | than that; difficult *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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