---
title: By this time the day was dawning; the sky in the east was becoming f… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: By this time the day was dawning; the sky in the east was becoming flecked with yellow and red; the cock was crowing, wild ducks were quacking by the shore, sparrows were chirping under the eaves. Who acts: time, cock, wild ducks, sparrows. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» b
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Mistress and Minstrel, sentence 25

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By this time the day was dawning; the sky in the east was becoming flecked with yellow and red; the cock was crowing, wild ducks were quacking by the shore, sparrows were chirping under the eaves.

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**Who acts:** time, cock, wild ducks, sparrows · **What happens:** dawn, fleck, crow, quack, chirp · **To what, where:** sky, eaves

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, cock, wild ducks, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:2:25
# text = By this time the day was dawning; the sky in the east was becoming flecked with yellow and red; the cock was crowing, wild ducks were quacking by the shore, sparrows were chirping under the eaves.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	dawning	dawn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	flecked	fleck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	cock	cock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	crowing	crow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	quacking	quack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	_
31	by	by	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nsubj	_	_
36	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	chirping	chirp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	_
38	under	under	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	eaves	eave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dawn** | past · progressive | this time *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fleck** | past · passive |  | the sky in the east |  |  | time | with yellow | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with yellow=Theme |
| 3 | **crow** | past · progressive | the cock |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **quack** | past · progressive | wild ducks |  |  |  |  | by the shore | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **chirp** | past · progressive | sparrows |  |  | the eaves |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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