---
title: Already the swallows were asleep under the eaves, the reindeer were… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: Already the swallows were asleep under the eaves, the reindeer were lying down in their paddock, all the underlings of Dame Louhi’s household had retired to rest. Who acts: swallows. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel, with its dependenc
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Mistress and Minstrel, sentence 7

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Already the swallows were asleep under the eaves, the reindeer were lying down in their paddock, all the underlings of Dame Louhi’s household had retired to rest.

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**Who acts:** swallows · **What happens:** be, lie down, retire, rest · **To what, where:** eaves, paddock, underlings

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swallows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:2:7
# text = Already the swallows were asleep under the eaves, the reindeer were lying down in their paddock, all the underlings of Dame Louhi’s household had retired to rest.
1	Already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	eaves	eave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
14	down	down	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	paddock	paddock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	underlings	underling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	Dame	Dame	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod:poss	_	_
24	Louhi	Louhi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	’s	's	PART	POS	_	23	case	_	_
26	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
27	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the swallows |  |  | the eaves and the reindeer |  | asleep *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie down** | past · progressive |  |  |  | swallows's paddock |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in paddock=Location |
| 3 | **retire** | past · perfect · passive |  | all underlings of Dame's household |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rest** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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