---
title: So near was her dwelling to the sea that she could hear the waves la… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: So near was her dwelling to the sea that she could hear the waves lapping on the beach and the ice-floes crunching and grinding and pounding against the shore. Who acts: Dame, waves, ice floes. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel, with it
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Mistress and Minstrel, sentence 8

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So near was her dwelling to the sea that she could hear the waves lapping on the beach and the ice-floes crunching and grinding and pounding against the shore.

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**Who acts:** Dame, waves, ice floes · **What happens:** dwell, hear, lap, crunch, grind, pound · **To what, where:** waves, shore

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dame, waves, ice floes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:2:8
# text = So near was her dwelling to the sea that she could hear the waves lapping on the beach and the ice-floes crunching and grinding and pounding against the shore.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	near	near	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	dwelling	dwell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	lapping	lap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	floes	floe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
24	crunching	crunch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	pounding	pound	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	conj	_	_
29	against	against	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | past · progressive | Dame |  |  |  |  | to the sea; near *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | could | Dame | the waves |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer wave=Stimulus |
| 3 | **lap** | gerund | the waves *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on the beach and the ice floes | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent on beach=Patient |
| 4 | **crunch** | gerund | the ice floes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **grind** | gerund | the ice floes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **pound** | gerund | the ice floes *not said here* |  |  | the shore |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent against shore=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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