---
title: And not once did he open his lips in song, for there was no music in… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: And not once did he open his lips in song, for there was no music in his heart; and how shall a minstrel sing if his heart is empty? Who acts: Wainamoinen, music, heart. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Mistress and Minstrel, sentence 97

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And not once did he open his lips in song, for there was no music in his heart; and how shall a minstrel sing if his heart is empty?

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**Who acts:** Wainamoinen, music, heart · **What happens:** open, be · **To what, where:** lips, song

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wainamoinen, music, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:2:97
# text = And not once did he open his lips in song, for there was no music in his heart; and how shall a minstrel sing if his heart is empty?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
23	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	sing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
27	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past · do-support | Wainamoinen | Wainamoinen's lips |  | song |  | once *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent lip=Theme in song=Location |
| 2 | **be** | past | no music in Wainamoinen's heart |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | shall | Wainamoinen's heart |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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