---
title: In his smoky smithy Ilmarinen was toiling alone, fashioning crude bi… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: In his smoky smithy Ilmarinen was toiling alone, fashioning crude bits of metal into forms most delicate and beautiful. Who acts: Ilmarinen. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unexpected Journey, sentence 1

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In his smoky smithy Ilmarinen was toiling alone, fashioning crude bits of metal into forms most delicate and beautiful.

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**Who acts:** Ilmarinen · **What happens:** toil, fashion · **To what, where:** smoky smithy, crude bits, forms

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ilmarinen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:20:1
# text = In his smoky smithy Ilmarinen was toiling alone, fashioning crude bits of metal into forms most delicate and beautiful.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	smoky	smoky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	smithy	smithy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
5	Ilmarinen	Ilmarinen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	toiling	toil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	fashioning	fashion	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
11	crude	crude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
17	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	18	advmod	_	_
18	delicate	delicate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toil** | past · progressive | Ilmarinen |  |  | his smoky smithy |  | alone *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in smithy=Trajectory |
| 2 | **fashion** | gerund | Ilmarinen *not said here* | crude bits of metal |  | forms |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent bit=Material into form=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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