---
title: The hero cracked his whip, and the gray racer bounded forward and sp… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: The hero cracked his whip, and the gray racer bounded forward and sped swiftly away. Who acts: hero, gray racer. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unexpected Journey, sentence 148

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The hero cracked his whip, and the gray racer bounded forward and sped swiftly away.

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**Who acts:** hero, gray racer · **What happens:** crack, bound, speed · **To what, where:** whip, gray racer

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hero, gray racer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:20:148
# text = The hero cracked his whip, and the gray racer bounded forward and sped swiftly away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	gray	gray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	bounded	bound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
14	sped	speed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	away	away	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crack** | past | the hero | hero's whip |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location whip=Theme |
| 2 | **bound** | participle |  | the gray racer *not said here* |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **speed** | past | the gray racer |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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