---
title: They had been placed there by the trusty serving-man, and now they a… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: They had been placed there by the trusty serving-man, and now they all began twittering and singing, and the faster they travelled the louder was their sweet music. Who acts: trusty serving man, courage. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journ
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unexpected Journey, sentence 151

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They had been placed there by the trusty serving-man, and now they all began twittering and singing, and the faster they travelled the louder was their sweet music.

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**Who acts:** trusty serving man, courage · **What happens:** place, begin, twitter, sing, travel, be · **To what, where:** courage, louder sweet music

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trusty serving man, courage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:20:151
# text = They had been placed there by the trusty serving-man, and now they all began twittering and singing, and the faster they travelled the louder was their sweet music.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	trusty	trusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	serving	serving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	advmod	_	_
17	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
18	twittering	twitter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	26	advmod	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	32	amod	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | past · perfect · passive | the trusty serving man | courage |  | there |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past | courage |  |  |  | now |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **twitter** | gerund | courage *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | courage *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **travel** | past | courage |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | past |  | courage's louder sweet music |  |  |  | courage *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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