---
title: He kept on singing and hammering and blowing his bellows, altogether… — The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North · tree and pragmatics
description: He kept on singing and hammering and blowing his bellows, altogether forgetful of everything save the work in hand. Who acts: Smith. A sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unexpected Journey, sentence 8

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He kept on singing and hammering and blowing his bellows, altogether forgetful of everything save the work in hand.

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**Who acts:** Smith · **What happens:** keep, sing, hammer, blow, save, bellow · **To what, where:** bellows, work, hand

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This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unexpected Journey. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66819:20:8
# text = He kept on singing and hammering and blowing his bellows, altogether forgetful of everything save the work in hand.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	hammering	hammer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	bellows	bellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	altogether	altogether	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	forgetful	forgetful	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	16	obl	_	_
16	save	save	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Smith |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | Smith *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hammer** | gerund | Smith *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **blow** | gerund | Smith *not said here* | Smith's bellows |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent bellow=Patient |
| 5 | **save** | present |  | the work |  | hand |  | forgetful everything; altogether *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme |
| 6 | **bellow** |  | Smith |  |  |  |  |  | nom bellow «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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